Lessons of Major Barbara, Good Woman of Setzuan, and Madwoman of Chaillot :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Lessons  of Major Barbara,  Good Woman of Setzuan, and  Madwoman of Chaillot   Philosophers all over the world have pondered over the idea of evil.   This brings up another extremely essential question, â€Å"how should we live?†Ã‚   Because we know that evil is existent in our world, does that mean we must live with the knowledge, accept it and conform to society’s ideal that only the cunning survive?   Or do we keep our original identity of purity and goodness at heart in our everyday lives.   The three pieces of literature that we read all deal with this dilemma in different ways.   And like in all good stories, good prevails over evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The first play that we will discuss was my favorite.   It is entitled The Good Woman of Setzuan written by the German author Brecht.   This story is about a woman that was too kind for her own good.   Her name is Shen Te.   In the beginning of the story she is a prostitute but at the end she becomes a successful tobacco shop owner, fiancà © and mother-to-be.   Shen Te also creates another character that displays her deceitful and greedy side, or the side of her that could survive in her society, Shui Ta.   He is a brash and brutal young man who drives spongers away.1 Yang Sun is an unemployed airman that Shen Te saves from committing suicide.   He is a big creep that later admits that he has no intention of marrying her and is after Shen Te’s money.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The story starts off when three gods come to earth in search of a good human being.   Unless they discover at least one, the world would cease to exist.   After traveling from town to town they arrive in Setzuan.   No one in the town would let them stay the night except Shen Te, who was then the town prostitute.   The gods realize that they have found their one good human and repay her kindness and hospitality with a large sum of money.   After the gods depart, the townspeople all flock to Shen Te in hopes of receiving some of her money.   This is when she is forced to disguise herself as Shui Ta, her crude male cousin.   She then falls in love with Yang Sun who she saves from suicide.   After they plan to get married, Yang admits to Shui Ta that he is after Shen Te’s money and does not plan to marry. Lessons of Major Barbara, Good Woman of Setzuan, and Madwoman of Chaillot :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays Lessons  of Major Barbara,  Good Woman of Setzuan, and  Madwoman of Chaillot   Philosophers all over the world have pondered over the idea of evil.   This brings up another extremely essential question, â€Å"how should we live?†Ã‚   Because we know that evil is existent in our world, does that mean we must live with the knowledge, accept it and conform to society’s ideal that only the cunning survive?   Or do we keep our original identity of purity and goodness at heart in our everyday lives.   The three pieces of literature that we read all deal with this dilemma in different ways.   And like in all good stories, good prevails over evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The first play that we will discuss was my favorite.   It is entitled The Good Woman of Setzuan written by the German author Brecht.   This story is about a woman that was too kind for her own good.   Her name is Shen Te.   In the beginning of the story she is a prostitute but at the end she becomes a successful tobacco shop owner, fiancà © and mother-to-be.   Shen Te also creates another character that displays her deceitful and greedy side, or the side of her that could survive in her society, Shui Ta.   He is a brash and brutal young man who drives spongers away.1 Yang Sun is an unemployed airman that Shen Te saves from committing suicide.   He is a big creep that later admits that he has no intention of marrying her and is after Shen Te’s money.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The story starts off when three gods come to earth in search of a good human being.   Unless they discover at least one, the world would cease to exist.   After traveling from town to town they arrive in Setzuan.   No one in the town would let them stay the night except Shen Te, who was then the town prostitute.   The gods realize that they have found their one good human and repay her kindness and hospitality with a large sum of money.   After the gods depart, the townspeople all flock to Shen Te in hopes of receiving some of her money.   This is when she is forced to disguise herself as Shui Ta, her crude male cousin.   She then falls in love with Yang Sun who she saves from suicide.   After they plan to get married, Yang admits to Shui Ta that he is after Shen Te’s money and does not plan to marry.

The Battle of Hampton Roads

The Battle of Hampton Roads had caused an unprecedented disaster to the United States Navy until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. With the events following the battle, traditional naval war had been forever changed. Ironclad battleships had, for the first time, been used in a naval battle and the people involved had found its place in American history.As the Union found it necessary for a blockade of the main ports to weaken the Confederate economy and win the war with as little bloodshed as possible, the Confederate had to find a way to prevent Union domination of the coastlines.Both the Union and Confederate forces had found themselves in the middle of a naval arms race at the earlier stage of the American Civil War. Although the Union naval supremacy would not be complete until four years later, this naval arms race would be decided at that momentous battle on March 9, 1862, through the face-off between the Confederate's Virginia and the Union's Monitor. Beginnings of Civil Wa r The tension between North and South states on the question whether to allow new states for the expansion of the Union to be slave or free states caused the beginning of the Civil War.After winning the independence, America sought to expand their nation. The issue was a manifestation of the conflict over the future direction of national development: â€Å"Would America move toward a free-labor capitalist economy and a democratic policy in all regions, or would a slave-labor plantation economy and a heirarchical society persists in half of the country? † When Abraham Lincoln won the election in 1860, he pledged to keep slavery out of the new territories towards the ultimate extinction of slavery everywhere in the United States.This naturally worried the South states and caused them to secede and formed a new nation they called the Confederate States of America. The Lincoln administration and the North states, on the other hand, refused to recognize the legitimacy of the seces sion as it would discredit the idea of a majority-rule democracy. Both the North and South were willing to fight despite the risks of casualties of war. Both â€Å"considered the very survival of their respective nations and societies to be at stake.† In his second inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln explained the beginning of the civil war: â€Å"All dreaded it—all sought to avert it. Both parties deprecated war; but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive; and the other would accept war rather than let it perish. And the war came. † The Naval Conflict Before Hampton Roads Lincoln's first order for the Navy was to set a blockade of the southern coasts. This was an adoptation of Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan, to win the war with as little bloodshed as possible.The blockade served to disable South's economy. Controlling the Mississippi River would also effectively split the Southern states in two. The difficulty, however, rests on the amount of the Union's warships: they had only fewer than 90 at that time and there were about 3,500 miles of southern coastlines. The North had to purchase shipping vessels, strengthened their decks, loaded them with guns, and sent them to serve on the blockade. Note that the North did not need a cutting-edge technology or sophisticated warships to serve in the blockade.They did not have to worry about keeping the Confederate fleet confined in their ports for the Confederacy had none to begin with. The blockade ended international shipments to and from the Confederacy which caused shortages in food and other goods for the South and ruined their economy. Futhermore, the North had been increasing the size of their fleet through the purchases they made which the Confederacy had no hope of matching. They had relied on commerce raiding through the acquisition of raiding vessels that destroyed more than 150 Union merchant ship.But the Union Navy would get its way by targeting coastal fortificat ions. This prompted the confederacy to find a way of supplementing coastal forts with a few ships that could stand up to a whole fleet of Union battleships and prevent them from dominating the coastlines. For the remainder of the war, the navy would be used to gain advantage to the opposing side. The war itself has had made its mark in history, and th battles that were fought within it. One such battles would be in Hampton Roads, a battle that was described in Craig Symonds' book, Decision at Sea: Five Naval Battles that Shaped American History.The Confederate Plan: The CSS Virginia Confederate navy secretary Stephen R. Mallory hoped to supplement the coastal forts by acquiring a few ships whose defensive characteristics were such that they could stand up to a whole squadron of conventional Union warships. He wrote to his wife: â€Å"Knowing that the Union could build one hundred ships to one of our own, my policy has been to make such ships so strong and invulnerable as would comp ensate for the inequality of numbers.† Angus Konstam explained that Mallory â€Å"realized that it was almost impossible for his Navy to break the Union blockade by conventional means, so he adopted a more radical approach, placing his faith in ironclads and rifled ordnance. † Mallory has urged the Confederate Congress to authorize the construction of an ironclad warship as early as May 1861. He wrote: â€Å"I regard the possession of an iron-armored warship, as a matter of first neccessity. Such a vessel at this time could traverse the entire coast of the United States, prevent all blockades, and encounter, with fair prospect of success, their entire navy.† The Confederacy's lach of technology to create such a vessel caused a difficulty for Mallory's plan to succeed. He, however, sought a way to fulfill this and found the Merrimac. It was a steam frigate with a partially burned hull left and was raised from the bottom of the Elizabeth River. Mallory's plan was t o build an iron casemate atop the wooden frame of the Merrimac. It was Lieutenant John Mercer Brooke who urged Mallory the construction of an iron-plated warship and submitted to him an initial design.Mallory wanted technical advise for the feasibility of the concept and sought the opinion of Naval Constructor John L. Porter, who happened to have a design of his own similar to Brooke's. Mid-July found the reconstruction of Merrimac into the first operational ironclad. â€Å"Porter supervised the refit as carpenters cut away the charred timbers and began to erect a frame for the casemate. Williamson focused on repairing the cranky engines. Brooke designed the rifled guns that would make up the ship's armament, and he took charge of procuring the iron plate that would constitute its armor shield.† The confederacy renamed it the CSS Virginia. Symonds explained that â€Å"officially the Virginia was rated as a ‘ram. ‘ A fifteen-hundred-pound cast iron prow had been b olted onto the ship's bow just below the waterline, and though it potruded only a few feet from from the ship's stem, it made the ship itself, as well as its guns, a potentially lethal weapon. † To command Virginia, Mallory chose Captain Franklin Buchanan. Buchanan had been a naval officer most of his life, have served in the US Navy for fifty years prior to Hampton Roads.Mallory had chosen him because he believed that Buchanan had the perfect combination of realism and boldness. He had hoped for great things to the experimental vessel and expected Buchanan to sieze the initiative, of which he was not failed. The Union Plan: The USS Monitor The Confederate's plan to build an ironclad battleship was no secret to the Union. News of the rebel activity reached Union's Navy Secretary General Gideon Welles. Southern newspaper also kept Welles up to date on the progress of Merrimac's reconstruction. He decided that the Union needed to construct a counter-weapon.The Congress approved an appropriation of $1. 5 million to construct three experimental ironclad warships and created the Ironclad Board. Welles and Mallory began a â€Å"naval arms race for the control of a strategically critical body of water. † Cornelius Bushnell presented a design of a â€Å"more or less conventional frigate with iron plating. † The Ironclad Board, however, were skeptical such that Bushnell sought the opinion of â€Å"the nation's most gifted maritime engineer. † Instead, John Ericsson showed Bushnell a floating battery that he himself designed.Bushnell reported to Welles that â€Å"the country was safe because I had found a battery which would make us master of the situation as far as the ocean was concerned. † A few months later, the Union ironclad battleship construction was underway. They dubbed it the USS Monitor. The key feature of this ironclad battleship was that it had a novel revolving turret with two high-calibered guns. It was the entire ship's armament, but since the turrets could revolve, the guns could be pointed in any direction independent of the ship's orientation. The Battle of Hampton Roads: March 8, 1862Union Navy at Newport News Point found themselves being approached by what naval soldiers called the â€Å"thing† on the morning of March 8, 1962. The Confederate ironclad Virginia had â€Å"crept menacingly out of the Elizabeth River† to test its potential against the Union battleships. Its approach was not defined with stealth. Indeed, it run only with a speed of five knots in plain view and Union blockade could have easily avoided battle had they wanted to. The Virginia announced its coming with a black smoke emerging from its single stack. Unlike conventional battleships, it had no masts and no sails of any kind.A Union officer described its approach with â€Å"the water hisses and boils with indignation as like some huge slimy reptile she slowly emerges from her loathsome lair. † Symonds noted that â€Å"to most of the hundreds of observers watching from the shoreline, this smoke-belching, iron-plated ‘thing' was neither vessel nor creature but a machine: a giant, self-propelled, armored engine of war. † The Union Navy prepared for an impending battle. Symonds explains that â€Å"whatever the soldiers felt internally, outwardly they displayed confidence and grim determination.† Even men on the Virginia felt the same, for most of the crew would only have combat in a ship for the first time. Eugenius Jack, a third assistant engineer aboard Virginia wrote in his memoirs which spoke a general feeling of men in combat: â€Å"there are few men who do not feel some symptoms of fear when going into battle; pride has kept many a man's face to the foe, when his heart would turn it away. † The Union had two major battleships: The USS Cumberland and the USS Congress. These battleships mounted a total of seventy guns, as compared to the Virginia's ten. Buchanan had the Virginia approach directly at Cumberland, intending to ram his vessel into the enemy battleship. Cumberland had two ten-inch pivot guns which Buchanan feared would be able to penetrate his vessel's iron shield. During the Virginia's lengthy transit, the Cumberland was able to fire several shots at it, while the Virginia was only able to return fire from one bow seven-inch rifle. The Battle of Hampton Roads on the morning of March 8, 1962 marked not only the battle between an ironclad and wooden battleships, but of men on ships and men in a ship.Men inside the Virginia could only imagine what was really happening outside. Jack described the events that followed: â€Å"the suspense was awful†¦ the dull reports of the enemy artillery, and an occasional crack and tremor of the ship told that we had been struck†¦ [I heard] the sharp reports of our own guns†¦ [then] there came a tremor throughout the ship and I was nearly thrown from the coal bucket upon w hich I was sitting†¦ The cracking and breaking of her timbers told full well how fatal to her that collision was. †The Confederate ironclad Virginia had collided with the Union battleship Cumberland with such a force that men on both ships were knocked off their feet and caused a gaping hole at the side of Cumberland. A junior officer aboard Cumberland noted: â€Å"he once clean and beautiful deck was slippery with blood, blackened with powder and looked like a slaughter house. † Despite the damage, men in Cumberland continued to fire shots at Virginia while the ship was literally sinking. The crew on Virginia, on the other hand, had little time to celebrate yet.Symonds explained that â€Å"for a few anxious moments it seemed likely that the Cumberland would take her assassin down with her. The Virginia's ram had plunged so deeply into the Cumberland that, although Buchanan had immediately ordered all astern, the ironclad remained embedded in the side of its sinki ng victim. † Virginia was alarmingly tilted forward. It was saved when the current of James River swung its stern slowly to starboard, and with the â€Å"resulting torque on the ships ram caused a section of it to break off†, allowing it to â€Å"extricate itself from its mortally wounded foe.† One hundred twenty-one of the 376 aboard the Cumberland has been killed outright from the fatal attack. The river current had pushed Virginia downstream, and crewmen aboard the other battleship, Congress, thought that the Virginia was fleeing. Much to their dismay, Buchanan was not yet done. â€Å"His goal was to destroy the entire Federal squadron,† as Symonds explained. He managed to turn his ship back to reenter Hampton Roads after forty minutes of hard manuevering and steadied for a course directly towards the Congress.Having witnessed the destruction of Cumberland, men aboard the Congress no longer doubted the seriousness of the threat and saw no hope of standi ng up against the rebel ironclad. The captain, Lieutenant Joseph Smith, Jr. , ordered to raise the anchor and steered the ship into shoal water where Virginia could not follow and was safe from ramming. Virginia, however, had still guns to use. It pounded heavily on the Congress until it was â€Å"so utterly wrecked† to render it useless and caused them to surrender. The surrender of USS Congress should have not posed a problem had the traditional naval warfare been observed.Buchanan ordered lieutenant William H. Parker aboard the gunship Beaufort to accept the surrender and burn the ship, of course, after letting the surviving crew escape and harboring the wounded, but when Parker complied, soldiers on shore began firing at them. Symonds explained that army troops were not â€Å"inpressed by the traditions of the sea. † Brigadier General Joseph K. Mansfield growled â€Å"I know the d—-d ship has surrenderred,†¦ but we haven't,† when a Federal lieute nant tried to stop him from firing at Beaufort. With Buchanan's urging, Bob Minor volunteered to take the remaining boat aboard Virginia to burn the surrendered ship.To make sure there was no misunderstanding, Minor raised the white flag of truce, but no sooner was he under way when the army at the shore began firing at him. Enraged, Buchanan ordered to reopen fire on the already disabled and helpless Congress. Symonds wrote that â€Å"the Virginia fired three deliberate rounds of ‘hot shot' into the grounded hull of the Congress† which caused the sun-baked hull to kindle fire. â€Å"Soon the Congress was burning briskly, the flames running up its rigging and lighting up the roadstead, and at last the firing ceased, though the Congress continued to burn through the twilight and into the evening,† Symonds continued.A total of 120 of the ship's 434 had died that day. Symonds explains that â€Å"each side felt the fury of violated honor† to the events that fo llowed the surrender of the USS Congress. He wrote: â€Å"To the Confederates, the Yankees were the guilty party, since they had fired on a white flag while officers attempted to take possession of a lawful prize. To the Federals, the Confederates were at fault, since they now opened fire on a grounded vessel full of helpless men, a vessel that was flying not only one but two white flags of surrender.This was where the time-honored traditions of the Age of Sail collided with the realities of total war in a mechanized age. For the rest of the war, and for decades afterward, each side would point an accusing finger at the other to charge that in Hampton Roads on March 8, 1862, the traditional rules of naval warfare—indeed the very ideals of chivalry and humanity—were sacrificed to a new template of modern war; a mechanized war wihout rules, without restraint, without mercy, and without honor. † The Virginia exchanged long-ranged shots with the USS Minnesota after dealing with the Congress.Although there were still a few hours of daylight left and there were three more Union warship in the roadstead, it had already been a long day and the crew was exhausted. Buchanan agreed for a break and ordered the Virginia to be anchored at Sewall's Point, â€Å"from which point it could renew the attack the next day. † The Battle of Hampton Roads: March 9, 1862 The next morning revealed the devastation caused by Virginia's rampage in Newport. It resumed its attack, this time targetting Minnesota. At this time, the Monitor, which arrived shortly after the battle the previous day, now made her appearance.William Swinton wrote that â€Å"it was a moment of anxiety on the little craft, for there had been no time for drilling the men†¦ † It engaged the Virginia with exchanges of shots, both of which proved to be futile as both ships appeared undamaged and unfazed from the firing. The Confederate Military History records that â€Å"after so me time, the Merrimac succeeded in ramming the Monitor, but her prow had been broken off in ramming the Cumberland the day before, and she did no harm. † To the surprise of the crew of Virginia, the Monitor run off into shoal water where they could not follow.Having consumed most of its coals, Virginia was forced to retreat. To compare, â€Å"the Confederate ironclad carried more guns than the Union Monitor, but it was slow, clumsy, and prone to engine trouble. The Union prototype†¦ was the faster and more manueverable ironclad but it lacked the Rebel vessel's brutish size and power. † Neither ironclad caused serious damage to the other and the battle ended without a decisive victory to either side. However, the timely appearance of the Monitor prevented the Virginia from attacking more of the Union's wooden battleships and destry the blockade. ConclusionAlthough the Battle of Hampton Roads ended without a decisive conclusion, it marked a new age of naval warfare. Neither ironclads seriously damaged the other, but for the Union, it was a success because it prevented the Confederate to break the blockade. Having seen the potential of their prototype, the Union made several copies of the Monitor to win the war altogether. Symonds put it: â€Å"in a contest where weapons of war required the application of industrial productivity, the Union states had an overwhelming advantage over their southern counterparts. † Bibliography â€Å"Battle of Hampton Roads. † Available from http://www. civilwarhome.com/CMHHampton%20Roads. htm. Internet; accessed 29, July 2008. Catton, Bruce and James M. McPherson, The Civil War. Mariner Books, 2004. â€Å"Hampton Roads: Battle of the Ironclad. † Available from http://www. civilwarhome. com/ironclad. htm; Internet; accessed 29, July 2008. Konstam, Angus and Adam Hook. Hampton Roads 1862: Clash of the Ironclads; Osprey Publishing, 2002. Lincoln, Abraham. â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† Swi nton, William. The Twelve Decisive Battles of the War. Dick & Fitzgerald, 1867. Symonds, Craig L. Decision at Sea: Five Naval Battles that Shaped American History. New York: Oxford University Press US, 2005.

History of Hearing Aids Essay - 578 Words

The story of the hearing aid depicts one of the most ridiculous timelines of technological advancements in all of history. Although we modernly think of a â€Å"hearing aid† as a small device which is inserted into the ear canal, the reality is that a hearing aid is â€Å"an apparatus that amplifies sound and compensates for impaired hearing.† Thus, I invite you to expand your mind, and draw your attention to the intriguing, and absolutely absurd, timeline of the hearing aid. The most common model of the ancestral hearing aid is that of the simple ear trumpet. This was a small, pipe-looking device which was carved from either bull’s horn or seashell, and was held up to the ear in order to amplify sound. The audible result of such would†¦show more content†¦The royal member would then angle the end of the tube towards their ear, so that they could better hear the words being spoken without having to be yelled at. Next we have the classic ear tube which was developed in 1887. Much like the childhood game of â€Å"telephone† in which the two styrofoam cups were connected with a piece of string, the ear tube was simply a long hose with a widened opening at either side. One end was placed to the lips of the speaker, while the other end was placed close to the ear of the hearing-deficient listener. Effective, yet not exactly attractive to look at†¦ Finally, in 1901, the first electric hearing aids were designed. Consisting of a carbon microphone, a processing unit, a battery box, and a headpiece, this hearing aid served merely as a personalized microphone/amplifier. It was bulky, heavy, and expensive to buy (at about $400.00 each), but it worked! Thus, its successors followed the same model, but the goal became a matter of size. It wasn’t until 1953 that a person could wear a hearing aid that would go largely unnoticed. The Oticon pocket model was an aid that looked very much like an iPod – its components being a small, pocket-sized battery and processor, and an earpiece which look about the same as what we would now call an â€Å"earbud†. This was an incredible advancement, but the design was not quite finished. With transistors becoming smallerShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Technologies Used By The Deaf Community891 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Deaf Community. From alerting technology, to cochlear implants, to the use of closed captions. With all of these technologies available, hearing aids are the most available and accessible to individuals in the Deaf Community. Current hearing aids have evolved since they were first patented by Miller Reese Hutchinson in 1895. The first electrical hearing aid, also known as the Akouphone, was operated by a carbon transmitter. The carbon transmitters function was to amplify sound by taking a weakRead MoreHearing Aids : American Sign Language II1276 Words   |  6 PagesSweigart 15 May 2015 Hearing Aids In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone which was the first electrical device that could transmit speech. While the telephone was one of the best inventions in history, it was completely pointless to the deaf because they couldn t hear. The deaf now have hearing aids and cochlear implants that help them hear, although; a hearing aid will only be effective for about one in five people with hearing loss. The first mention of hearing aids was in 1588 in GiovanniRead MoreBlindness Or Low Vision, Cancer, And Alzheimer s Disease943 Words   |  4 Pagesdecreased dark/light adaption, and delayed glare recovery. These changes tend to aggravate other causes of low vision. Glaucoma causes increased ocular pressure that can damage the ganglion cell layer of the retina and cause vision loss. 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Sound is vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person or animals ear (SOURCE IS MERRIAM WEBSTER). A lot of people have trouble hearing certain things in the world today. Hearing loss can have negative effect on communication with others, your schooling, and relationships with others as well. Hearing aids that are used in both ears are usually for hearing impaired people but some people only needRead MoreVictim from Birth Deaf Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesalso deaf. The donor they selected was based on his family history of deafness to insure their son Gauvin would also be deaf. Duchesneau goes on to say that Gauvin â€Å"is not profoundly deaf†¦ but deaf enough† (McElroy 1). Gauvin was born with slight ability hear to. Gauvin would be able to hear well enough to perform normal functions with help from a hearing aid. However, Duchesneau and McCullough made the decision not to su pply a hearing aide for their son. McElroy states â€Å"A deaf lifestyle is a choiceRead MoreHow the Deaf Communicate in a Hearing World Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesa lively area filled with lots of laughter, roaring music, and a handful of birds chirping away. That imagery paints a scene of the plain difference between a hearing world and a deaf one. One world is capable of hearing and the other involves no incoming source of sound whatsoever. Understanding how deaf culture and how the hard of hearing work and live is important in order to comprehend the reasons behind why they do the certain things they do such as stare at others for a long period of time orRead MoreAre Cochlear Implants Necessary?1294 Words   |  6 Pagesand corporation that are usually visually dominant, however without hearing it is viewed as a major disadvantage to the hearing world. Kent State University compiled an accurate definition of the deaf community â€Å" those [of] deaf and hard of hearing i ndividuals who share a common language, common experience and values, and a common way of interacting with each other, and with hearing people.† The deaf community is viewed by the hearing world as an official handicap since they deviate from what is consideredRead MoreCase Analysis : Alfred Griffin1432 Words   |  6 PagesSummary: Alfred Griffin is a 69-year-old male who was referred to MRS by Sterling Hearing Center. A comprehensive orientation was provided in the office on 8/3/17, to Alfred and his wife Robin. 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